2.1 General context
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Historical developments
The concept of volunteering traditionally includes both voluntary work and voluntary activities, which are a type of civic activity and a way to engage in civil society. This also applies to youth volunteering. The field of civil society organisations is very heterogeneous in Finland, and young people volunteer in several active roles in these organisations.
It is traditionally thought in Finland that the welfare state, rather than the non-formal sector, should guarantee services. Thus, it is often claimed that voluntary activities should not replace public services. However, volunteering is on the policy agenda and its significance for many different sectors, including the sport and youth sectors, is recognised. Youth volunteering is seen as a way of learning citizenship skills, encouraging participation and gaining a sense of community.
Public authorities do not organise youth volunteering in Finland, but they do support it in many ways. One of the most important public actors in Finland is the Ministry of Education and Culture, which supports and funds youth organisations. Many of these organisations have a long history and therefore their position in the field of youth policy and youth work, and in society generally is extremely important.
At the national level, the Youth Act promotes the social inclusion of young people and provides them with opportunities. Voluntary activities can support these goals and improve the quality of one’s own life. Especially, if a young person is not employed, nor in education, voluntary activities can offer meaningful experiences and develop skills.
Main concepts
Finland has adopted the Council Recommendation on the Mobility of Young Volunteers of 2008. According to the recommendation, voluntary activities are open to all young people, undertaken by their own free will in the general interest for a sustained period within a clear framework, that is either unpaid or with a token payment and/or reimbursement of expenses. As the recommendation emphasises, voluntary activities provide an informal educational and learning experience through which young people may develop their professional and social skills, and competences. Thereby, these activities enhance their employability and active citizenship, while benefiting local communities and fostering social cohesion.
The key words that appear in most definitions of volunteering are: ‘unpaid activity’, ‘for the benefit of others’, and ‘act of free will’. In other words, voluntary activities are understood to be a non-paid activity carried out for the public good that is based on civic participation.