Denmark’s welfare state is characterised by strong income redistribution through the tax system and a comprehensive range of universal social services. Free access to education from primary to higher levels and free healthcare ensure that young people have equal opportunities for personal development and social mobility. In addition, various social benefits and support schemes aim to enable young people to complete their education, establish themselves in the labour market, and maintain financial stability in the event of unemployment, illness, or other social challenges.

Nevertheless, despite Denmark’s extensive welfare measures and relatively low income inequality, some young people face barriers to full participation in society. Groups at risk of social exclusion include young people who are NEETs (not in education, employment or training), those with mental health challenges, young people with a migrant background, young people with problematic substance use, and young people with disabilities. In more severe cases, exclusion may involve youth experiencing homelessness or engagement in criminal activity.

According to the OECD, Denmark remains among the countries with the lowest levels of income inequality globally. However, the persistence of vulnerable youth groups underlines the continuing importance of social inclusion policies that ensure all young people can participate actively in education, employment, and community life.