Education and training continue to be central to youth development in Spain and are widely regarded as essential tools for social progress and civic participation. Since the re-establishment of democracy, education policy has remained a prominent and often contested area of reform, shaped by successive governments. This has led to significant changes in the legal framework over the past decades, making long-term planning and stability a persistent challenge—particularly in tackling structural issues such as early school leaving.

In recent years, Spain has prioritised improving educational equity and responding to social, technological, and economic transformations. The effects of the global financial crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and growing attention to gender equality and inclusion have reinforced the need for modern, flexible learning pathways. Key policy goals now include reducing early leaving from education and training (ELET), expanding vocational education and training (VET), and developing digital and green skills in line with EU strategies and Spain’s national reform agenda.

Education in Spain is decentralised, with most competencies managed by the Autonomous Communities. The State Administration is responsible for overall coordination, guaranteeing the basic standards of the education system, and promoting strategic initiatives. National education reforms such as the Organic Law 3/2020 (LOMLOE) and the Vocational Training Law 3/2022 have introduced structural changes to improve curricular flexibility, foster inclusive education, and strengthen dual VET and lifelong learning opportunities.

Youth-focused strategies—including the Youth Strategy 2030 and the Youth Action Plan 2022–2024—emphasize the recognition of non-formal and informal learning, digital inclusion, and the development of transversal competences. These efforts align with broader EU goals under the European Education Area and reinforce the role of youth work in promoting active citizenship, social cohesion, and innovation.